How Rice Husk Ash Can be a Replacement Of Portland Cement

The ability and efficiency of using rice husk ash (RHA) to add or partially replace Portland cement in a deep cement mixing technique is investigated. A series of unconfirmed compression tests are conducted on cement-RHA-stabilized clay to investigate the effect of RHA on the mixing properties. Particular attention is paid to its efficiency for increasing strength by partial cement replacement to obtain high-strength clay cement, and is compared to fly ash. The test results indicated that up to 35% of the RHA could be advantageously added to increase strength if the cement content in the mixture exceeded 10%. RHA increases the strength of cement-mixed soil by more than 100% in 28 days. For times of 14 and 28 days, RHA exhibits high efficiency on Portland cement replacement when cement and composite cement content are not less than 20 and 35%, respectively. The optimum condition for high-strength mixing is achieved when 20% cement content of RHA is added to the mixture. When compared with fly ash of similar grain size, the efficiency of RHA is higher when the material to be added is greater than 15%. This indicates the suitability of RHA for use in high-strength clay-cement.

During the last two decades a large number of researches have been done on the use of waste materials. For the construction industry, the development and use of industrial and agricultural wastes such as fly ash, blast furnace slag, and rice husk ash (RHA). The use of ash by grinding process in cement concrete generally improves the properties of concrete. Ground fly ash or RHA-containing concentrates are of good quality with low porosity and have superior resistance to sulfate attack and chloride penetration as well as high strength. Compared to fly ash which is the most common pozzolan used worldwide in soil stabilization, the use of rice husk ash as a pozolanic material is still relatively low.

Commercial uses of RHA are in the silica extraction process as pozzolanic material and other applications. Silica is present in amorphous and crystalline forms depending on the temperature and duration of the water. This amorphous silica is highly reactive, especially when it has a good particle size. Since Portland cement requires excessive heat in its manufacture, partial replacement of cement by RHA will result in lower energy consumption and it may be possible to generate certified emission reductions.

Soil improvement is an alternative method of using this ash. A large amount of research has been conducted on soil stabilization with cement-lime and RHA to evaluate the suitability of these applications, indicating the ability to use RHA to partially replace Portland cement under many circumstances. However, all the above applications are limited to shallow stabilization with low cement content. For deep stabilization, research on the ability to use RHA on Portland cement replacement is very limited. Such application is usually required for the soft ground area from which paddy is produced and biomass power plants are located. Thus, the transport cost of rice husk ash can be reduced, and the feasibility of application becomes more attractive. For the improvement of soft soil by deep cement mixing using mechanical mixing or jet grouting techniques, higher cement content is required because the water-to-cement ratio is a strength-controlled parameter. The increase in specific water content decreases with increasing cement content. The experimental results of previous studies have shown that a sharp increase in strength has occurred from 5% to 25% of the cement content area. Beyond this limit, the effectiveness of increasing the cement content is reduced.

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