Thermal insulation and refractory type properties

A thermal insulator is a weak heat conductor, low thermal conductivity. Insulation is used in structures and systems to avoid heat loss or heat gain. Since its primary objective is economic, it also offers more effective process temperature management and workers safety. This avoids condensation on damp surfaces and corrosion. These fabrics are transparent, holding several latent air cells.

Thermal insulation works as follows:

– Reduces electricity usage

– Enhances process regulation by controlling plant temperature.

– Avoids corrosion by holding the refrigerated device above dew point

– Includes fireproof appliances

-- Absorbs impulses

• Insulation can be divided into three categories according to the temperature ranges used.

• Low-temperature separation (up to 90 ° C)

• This range includes refrigerators, cold and hot water systems, storage tanks, etc. The widely used fabrics are Cork, Wood, 85% Magnesia, Natural Fibers, Polyurethane and Polystyrene, etc.

• High temperature separation (90-325 ° C)

• High humidity, heating and steam rising machinery, pipe pipes, flue ducts, etc. Product forms used in this category include 85% Magnesia, Asbestos, Calcium Silicate and Mineral Fibers etc.

• High-temperature insulation (325 ° C)

• Common applications include superheated steam machine, oven dryer and furnaces etc. The most commonly used materials are separation dependent on asbestos, calcium silicate, mineral fiber, mica and vermiculite, fireclay or silica and ceramic fiber.

THE GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF A REFRACTORY MATERIAL

• Ability to withstand high temperatures.

• Ability to withstand sudden changes of temperatures.

• Ability to withstand action of molten metal slag, glass, hot gases, etc.

• Ability to withstand load at service conditions.

• Ability to withstand load and abrasive forces.

• Low coefficient of thermal expansion.

• Should be able to conserve heat.

• Should not contaminate the material with which it comes into contact.

• Based on chemical composition

•Acid refractories

Acid refractories are mainly acidic compounds like alumina ( Al2O3) and silica ( SiO2). These are not normally targeted or influenced by acidic chemicals, but quickly influenced by simple materials. These contain refractories including silica , alumina, and fire clay bricks. Hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, and fluorinated gases (e.g. HF, F2) are important reagents that can target alumina and silica. At high temperatures, acid refractories can react with limes and basic oxides.

• Neutral refractory

This are used in environments where slags and environment are either acidic or basic, and acids and bases are chemically stable. The key raw materials are but not limited to the R2O3 category. Specific examples are alumina (Al2O3), chromia (Cr2O3), and biomass.

• Basic refractory

They are used in environments where slags and atmosphere are essential; they are resistant to alkaline materials, but can react with acids. The key raw materials belong to the RO group, whose example is magnesia (MgO). Others include dolomite and chrome-magnesia. For the first half of the twentieth century, the steel-making method used artificial periclase (roasted magnesite) as furnace covering.

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